Air Pressure
Force exerted by air within tire, expressed in pounds per inch (PSI).
Anchored Beads
Ply and flipper construction which locks beads in place in the tire.
Rubber-coated cord fabric is wrapped around high tensile strength steel wire,
which has been insulated with rubber. The ends of the fabric, which are several
inches in length, are then carried far up into the sidewall of the carcass and
locked in by the plies when the tire is vulcanized.
Aspect Ratio
A numerical term which expresses the relationship between the standing height
of the tire and the cross section width. (Aspect Ratio of 70 means the tire section
stands approximately 70 percent as high as it is wide between the sidewall.)
Bead
That part of the tire that is shaped to fit the rim. Made of high tensile steel
wires that are wrapped in woven fabric and then held by the plies.
Belted Bias Tires
These tires have a body similar to that of bias tires, with the addition of two
or more belts under the tread to strengthen and stabilize the tread. The belts improve tread life
by reducing tread movement during contact without the road.
Carrying Capacity
Maximum rated tire load for a given inflation pressure as established by the
Tire and Rim Association.
Chafer
Reinforcing fabric and rubber around the bead in the rim flange area to prevent
chafing of the tire by rim parts.
Cord
The twisted fiber or filament of polyester, rayon, nylon or steel which gives
the tire carcass and belts strength.
Diagonal (Bias) Tires
Have two, four or more body plies, which cross at an angle to the center
line of the tread, to strengthen both the sidewall and the tread.
I.D. (Inside Diameter)
Measurement of an unmounted tire, at the most distant points inside the tire.
Inner Liner
The layer of rubber which is laminated to the inside of a tubeless tire to
insure the air retention quality of the tire body.
Load Carrying Capacity
Maximum load for which the tire is designed under standard conditions.
Load Range
A system of designations, which identifies the carrying capacity range of
a tire. These markings shown on the tire indicate the ply rating established for the tire.
Passenger tire designations are B (4-Ply rating), C (6-Ply Rating) and D (8-Ply rating).
This system was established by the Rubber Manufacturers' Association and is used on all
American-made tires. Replaces ply rating.
O.D. (Outside Diameter)
Measurement of tire when inflated and mounted on rim.
Ply
Layer of rubber-coated parallel cords forming unit of tire carcass.
Polyester Cord
A synthetic fiber that excels in maintaining strength properties at high
heat levels, and eliminates flat spotting.
Radial Ply
A tire with cords running radially from bead to bead (90 degrees to
centerline of the tire).
Radial Tires
Body cords run across the tire perpendicularly to the beads. Radial tires
have belt plies, which run circumferentially around the tire under the tread to stabilize
the tread and strengthen the tread area. By restricting tread movement during contact with
the road, the belt plies improve tread life.
Rayon
A fiber made from cotton or wood pulp by chemical process.
Retread
The remanufacturing process of a tire; one that has had a new tread layer applied to the tire.
Revolutions Per Mile (R.P.M.)
The number of revolutions that the mounted tires will make in one mile,
at rated load and inflation.
Rolling Resistance
The resistance of a tire to free rolling.
Section Width
Measurement of distance through cross sectional width of a tire at widest
part, exclusive of scuffing rib when inflated to normal pressure and not under load.
Shoulder
Outer edges of tread.
Sipe
To cut across a tire tread to produce biting traction edges.
Speed Rating
A speed designation of S, T, H, V or Z shown in the size marking of some
tires.
Stability
Ability of tires to maintain direction of vehicle on curve without causing
excessive sway.
Tread Depth
The distance in thirty-secondths (1/32) of an inch measured from the tread surface to the bottom of the grooves in a tire.
Tread Design
The pattern appearance of the tread area.
Tread Elements
The parts of the tread design, which are separated from each other and made
distinct by the sipes and rib or lug designs, molded into the tire.
Tread Life
Length of service in miles before tread wears out.
Tread Wear Indicators
Narrow bars of rubber molded at a height of 2/32" across the bottom of the
tread grooves. When the tread wears down to these bars, the tire should be replaced.
Underinflation
Tire having less than recommended air pressure for the load being carried.
Weather Checking
Fine hairline cracks in surface of rubber, caused by oxidation, heat, cold and other atmospheric effects.
Wheel Diameter
The diameter of the wheel in inches.
You may wish to see our Original and Aftermarket Tire Information and Calculations page, or our Speedometer Calibration Calculator And Information page. They offer some of the same information but one might be easier than the other to display the information, based on information that you have.
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